Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cell

Definition : “Prokaryotic cells are the cells that do not have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles“

Prokaryotic cells are single-celled microorganisms known to be the earliest on earth. Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea. The photosynthetic prokaryotes include cyanobacteria that perform photosynthesis.

A prokaryotic cell consists of a single membrane and therefore, all the reactions occur within the cytoplasm. They can be free-living or parasites.

Examples of Prokaryotic Cells

• Bacterial Cells
  ✔ These are unicellular organisms found everywhere on earth from soil to the human body.
  ✔ They have different shapes and structures.

• Archaeal Cells
  ✔ Archaebacteria are unicellular organisms similar to bacteria in shape and size.
  ✔ They are found in extreme environments such as hot springs and other places such as soil, marshes, and even inside humans.

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Study Learner

Eukaryotic Cell

Definition : “Eukaryotic cells are the cells that contain a membrane bound nucleus and organelles.”

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane and form large and complex organisms. Protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals all have eukaryotic cells. They are classified under the kingdom Eukaryota.

They can maintain different environments in a single cell that allows them to carry out various metabolic reactions. This helps them grow many times larger than the prokaryotic cells.

Examples of Eukaryotic Cells

• Plant Cells
  The cell wall is made up of cellulose, which provides support to the plant. It has a large vacuole which maintains the turgor pressure. The plant cell contains chloroplast, which aids in the process of photosynthesis.
• Animal Cells
  These do not have cell walls. Instead, they have a cell membrane. That is why animals have varied shapes. They have the ability to perform phagocytosis and pinocytosis.

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Study Learner

Difference Between Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic Cell	Eukaryotic Cell
Organisms are always unicellular	Organisms are always unicellular and multicellular
Have 70S ribosomes.	Have 80S ribosomes.
Nucleus is absent	Nucleus is present
Cell division takes place through binary fission	Cell division takes place through mitosis
DNA arrangement is circular	DNA arrangement is linear
Example: Bacteria, Blue-green algae	Example: Plant and animal cell

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Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Study Learner